The negative effects of sun exposure come mainly from ultraviolet (UV) rays: UVA and UVB and infrared (IR). The skin has natural mechanisms to protect us from them, such as the formation of melanin, the substance responsible for the tan tone we acquire when we sunbathe, but even so, it is not enough.
In the short term and at a superficial level, these radiations can cause burns. And in the long term they can reach the deepest layer of the skin and cause serious damage, such as photoaging and alteration of the skin's defenses, leading to different types of cancer.